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For on-line observation of the BOF treatment a dynamic process model was developed. Within an oxygen balance it is determined which part of the blown oxygen is used for oxidation of silicon from hot metal and scrap, and which part is available for decarburisation. In the final phase of treatment, when the intensity of the decarburisation reaction goes down, iron oxidation and dephosphorisation are considered. The decarburisation reaction itself is calculated by a thermodynamic model on the basis of the equilibrium conditions. For determination of the end-point of decarburisation, additionally measured off-gas values can be used.
A dynamic energy balance for calculation of the melt temperature considers the energy input by decarburisation and melt loss, the meltdown energy of the charged scrap and the slag formers, and the energy requirement to heat up the melt to the tapping temperature.
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